Goiter and thyroid diseases

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located under the cartilage called the "Adam's apple" in the front of the neck. It weighs about 20 grams and secretes the hormones T3 and T4, which are vital for our body. These thyroid hormones; regulates metabolism and controls its speed. It affects functions related to many systems such as heart rate, cholesterol level, weight, mental state, and menstrual cycle.     

               Goiter is the name given to the enlargement and swelling of the thyroid gland. It is especially common in people with iodine deficiency. There are two types of goiters, nodular and goiter without nodules. In goiter without nodules disease, the thyroid gland enlarges diffusely and symmetrically. In nodular goiter, round ball-like protruding structures form in the thyroid gland. There may be one or more nodules in the thyroid gland. Although it is low, there is a risk of developing cancer in thyroid nodules. While goiter may not cause any symptoms, it may also cause complaints such as dyspnea, cough and pain. Goiter treatment is decided according to examination and laboratory and radiological examinations. In the treatment of goiter, one or more of the treatment methods such as medication, fine needle aspiration biopsy, surgery and radioactive iodine treatment can be used together.

              Hypothyroidism is a disease that develops due to undersecretion of T3 and T4 hormones due to various causes of the thyroid gland. It can cause symptoms such as weakness, constipation, hoarseness, dry skin, disruption in the menstrual cycle, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, anemia, sweating and insomnia. Hypothyroidism is usually treated by giving oral thyroid hormone support to the patient.

              Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland. Excessive amounts of T3 and T4 hormones are secreted. In case of hyperthyroidism, organ functions and metabolism are accelerated. Symptoms such as heart palpitations, irritability, weight loss, emotionalization, excessive sweating, sensitivity to heat, hair loss, fatigue, and protruding eyes (exophthalmus) may occur. Hormone production can be reduced with thyroid suppressant drugs. Radioactive iodine therapy and surgical treatment may be required.

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